Fig 2: GB1a failed to improve OA&PA-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in SIRT6-LKO MPHs. (A,B) The intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential in SIRT6-LKO MPHs after GB1a treatment under an inverted fluorescence microscope (200×); (C–I) the level of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes in SIRT6-LKO MPHs after GB1a treatment. All data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ##, p < 0.01 vs. control group; ns, not significant vs. OA&PA group.

Fig 3: (A) The 3D schematic diagram of combined GB1a and SIRT6–RHD; above: hydrogen bond donor and recipient region, pink area indicates the hydrogen bond donor region; green area indicates hydrogen bond recipient region; and the following figure displays the hydrophobic area, with brown representing the hydrophobic area and blue representing the hydrophilic area; (B) the detailed 2D binding pattern of GB1a and SIRT6.

Fig 4: GB1a failed to reduce OA&PA-induced lipid accumulation in SIRT6-LKO MPHs. (A) Verification of the effect of SIRT6 knockout; (B,C) the changes in triglycerides in MPHs and SIRT6-LKO MPHs were detected by the triglyceride kit; (D,E) the oil red O staining of MPHs and SIRT6-LKO MPHs was observed by microscope (200×); (F,G) lipid accumulation in MPHs and SIRT6-LKO MPHs was observed by Bodipy 493/503 (green) fluorescent staining (200×); (H,I) fatty acid uptake in MPHs and SIRT6-LKO MPHs was determined by Bodipy FLc12 fluorescence staining (200×); (J,K) lipid peroxidation in MPHs and SIRT6-LKO MPHs was observed by Bodipy 581/591 (red: unoxidized, green: post-oxidized) fluorescence staining (200×). (L–P) The level of lipid metabolism genes in SIRT6-LKO MPHs after GB1a treatment. All data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. #, p < 0.05, ##, p < 0.01 vs. control group; **, p < 0.01 vs. OA&PA group; ns, not significant vs. OA&PA group.